Marqueurs osseux d’activités physiques : étude du squelette appendiculaire d’une population nabatéo-romaine (Syrie du Sud)
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Given that various types of enthesopathy and degenerative joint disease have been considered in the literature as possible indicators of the activities of ancient peoples, this study addresses some of these aspects in an ancient farming population in the Near East.We analyzed 15 muscle and ligament attachment sites (entheses) and 21 joint sites in the appendicular skeleton of an osteo-archaeological collection consisting of 96 adult individuals from the Nabatean-Roman excavation in Salkhad, in southern Syria. Certain non-metric morphological traits of the femur, tibia and humerus as well as the frequency of traumatic injuries were also examined. Lesions were found to be more frequent in some entheses in the thoracic member, such as the biceps brachii, subscapularis and triceps brachii muscles of the scapula, with right-left symmetry. The joints most affected were the shoulder, followed by the elbow and wrist. In the pelvic limb, lesions of the triceps surae, gluteus maximus and ilio psoas muscles were most frequently affected. The frequency of osteoarthritis and enthesopathies, their association in some lesional sites, the presence of non-metric morphological traits observed on the femur and humerus and the elevated occurrence of trauma all suggest high levels of physical overload in this population. Although it is not possible to link these directly to specific activities, our observations are chronologically contemporaneous with major construction work that employed the local farming population in the ancient Hauran region in the second century AD, during the reign of the Roman Emperor Trajan.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.066 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it