Multi-angle deformation analysis of Hoffa's fat pad
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent advances in medical research hypothesize that certain body fat, in addition to having a classical role of energy storage, may also have mechanical function. In particular, we analyzed the infrapatellar fat pad of Hoffa using 3D CT images of the knee at multiple angles to determine how the fat pad changes shape as the knee bends and whether the fat pad provides cushioning in the knee joint. The images were initially processed using a median filter then segmented using a region growing technique to isolate the fat pad from the rest of the knee. Next, rigid registration was performed to align the series of images to match the reference image. Finally, multi-resolution FEM registration was completed between the aligned images. The resulting displacements fields were used to determine the local volume change of the fat pad as the knee bends from extension to flexion through different angles. This multi-angle analysis provides a finer description of the intermediate deformations compared to earlier work, where only a pair of images (full extension and flexion) was analyzed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".