Photoperiod differentially affects energetics of immunity in pregnant and lactating Siberian hamsters (<i>Phodopus sungorus</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Both immune and reproductive (i.e., pregnancy and lactation) functions are energetically demanding processes that fluctuate seasonally. Winter is energetically demanding because energy availability is limited and energy demands are high. The goal of the present study was to assess the trade-off of resources between immunity and reproduction by examining antibody production during pregnancy and lactation, when energy requirements are high. Female Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) were held in either long or short days, and anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin antibody production was assessed in pregnant, lactating, or nulliparous animals. Pregnancy and lactation both suppressed humoral immunity (primary antibody production) in long-day Siberian hamsters. However, although antibody production was reduced in short-day females compared with long-day animals, pregnancy and lactation did not reduce antibody body production any further. Interestingly, the size and mass of the litters produced by females in both long and short days did not differ. Taken together, these results suggest that the processes of pregnancy and lactation are costly enough to reduce humoral immunity, and they suggest that immunity may be compromised as a result of energy allocation to these reproductive processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".