Whales of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region in Canada's Western Arctic: An Overview and Outlook
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) and the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) are seasonal migrants to Canada's Western Arctic, occupying summer range in the southeastern Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf within the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR). These whales also travel through United States (Alaskan) and Russian offshore waters, which include migration routes and overwintering areas for both species. The beluga has for centuries been an important food resource of the aboriginal people of the Mackenzie Delta. From 1990 to 1999, the annual subsistence harvest of beluga in the ISR averaged 111, while only two bowheads were landed during this same period. The minimum size of the Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga stock has been estimated at 32 453 whales. The total annual removal of beluga by subsistence hunters from the ISR and Alaska is estimated at 189 whales, which is less than 0.6% of the minimum estimate of stock size. This level of harvest is sustainable. Between 1848 and 1921, commercial whalers decimated the Bering Sea population of bowhead whales. The size of the population, based on 1993 data, is estimated at 8200 (95% estimation interval of 7200-9400), constituting more than 90% of the world's remaining bowheads. This population increased at a rate of 3.2% from 1978 to 1993, while sustaining a harvest of about 0.6% per year. To ensure the continued well-being of these whales and their habitats, it is recommended that existing monitoring programs, commitments, and co-management partnerships be nurtured and maintained.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".