Polyurethane modified with an antithrombin‐heparin complex via polyethylene oxide linker/spacers: Influence of PEO molecular weight and PEO‐ATH bond on catalytic and direct anticoagulant functions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A segmented polyurethane (PU) was modified with polyethylene oxides (PEO) of varying molecular weight and end group. The PEO served as linker/spacers to immobilize an antithrombin-heparin (ATH) anticoagulant complex on the PU. Isocyanate groups were introduced into the PU to enable attachment of either "conventional" homo-bifunctional dihydroxy-PEO (PEO-OH surface) or a hetero-bifunctional amino-carboxy-PEO (PEO-COOH surface). The PEO surfaces were functionalized with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) groups using appropriate chemistries, and ATH was attached to the distal NHS end of the PEO (PEO-OH-ATH and PEO-COOH-ATH surfaces). Water contact angle and fibrinogen adsorption measurements showed increased hydrophilicity and reduced fibrinogen adsorption from buffer on all PEO surfaces compared to unmodified PU. ATH uptake on NHS-functionalized PEO was quantified by radiolabeling. Despite the different PEO molecular weights and end groups, and NHS-functionalization chemistries, the surface densities of ATH were similar. The adsorption of fibrinogen and antithrombin (AT) from plasma was measured in a single experiment using dual radiolabeling. On PEO-ATH surfaces fibrinogen adsorption was minimal while AT adsorption was high showing the selectivity of the heparin moiety of ATH for AT. The PEO-COOH-ATH surfaces showed slightly greater AT adsorption than the PEO-OH-ATH surfaces. Thrombin adsorption on all of the PEO-ATH surfaces was greater than on the corresponding PEO surfaces without ATH, and was highest on the PEO-OH-ATH, suggesting potential anticoagulant properties for this surface via direct thrombin inhibition by the AT portion of ATH.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".