La distinction rousseauiste entre volonté de tous et volonté générale : une reconstruction mathématique et ses implications pour la théorie démocratique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Résumé. Se situant à mi-chemin entre l'exégèse rousseauiste et la théorie démocratique, cet article vise à éclairer l'analogie mathématique mobilisée par Rousseau pour illustrer la distinction entre volonté de tous et volonté générale et à réévaluer, à la lumière de cette analogie, les débats contemporains autour de la démocratie (libérale, épistémique, délibérative). Il s'agit de régler trois problèmes qui subsistent après la restitution par Philonenko de cet argument mathématique jugé irrécupérable et de montrer que la distinction rousseauiste ainsi reconstruite peut impulser significativement les tentatives actuelles de dépasser la volonté de tous libérale pour retrouver une volonté générale épistémique ou/et délibérative. Abstract. Halfway between Rousseauian exegesis and democratic theory, this article aims at clarifying the mathematical analogy that Rousseau used to illustrate the distinction between will of all and general will, and at reassessing in the light of this analogy the contemporary debates on democracy (liberal, epistemic, deliberative). Three problems that remain after Philonenko's restitution of this mathematical argument considered unrecoverable are solved herein. It is argued that the Rousseauian distinction thus reconstructed can give significant new impetus to current attempts to go beyond the liberal will of all in order to reach an epistemic or/and deliberative general will.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.023 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".