Seasonal and Diurnal Patterns of Spore Dispersal by <i>Leptosphaeria maculans</i> from Canola Stubble in Relation to Environmental Conditions
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Seasonal and diurnal patterns of spore dispersal by Leptosphaeria maculans, which causes blackleg disease of canola, were studied in two consecutive field seasons using a 7-day Burkard spore sampler and rotorod impaction spore samplers. Ascospores of L. maculans were trapped from mid-June to the end of July, whereas pycnidiospores were trapped from mid-July until the end of July or early August. Ascospores and pycnidiospores were trapped between 9:00 P.M. and 4:00 A.M., when air temperatures were 13 to 18°C and relative humidity was >80%. Peak ascospore and pycnidiospore dispersal was associated with rain events. Peak ascospore dispersal was found to occur several hours after rainfall ≥2 mm, and ascospore dispersal continued for approximately 3 days after such events. Peak pycnidiospore dispersal occurred during the same hours as rain events. More ascospores and pycnidiospores were carried in the direction of prevailing winds than in other directions. To the south of the inoculated area, the gradients of disease incidence and stem disease severity were -19.2 and -0.8 m -1 , respectively. Disease incidence and stem severity declined by 50% 12.5 and 5.5 m from the inoculated area, respectively. To the north of the inoculated area, the gradients of disease incidence and stem severity were -21.5 and -0.7 m -1 , respectively. Disease incidence and stem severity declined by 50% 14.0 and 5.2 m from the inoculated area, respectively. In 2001, ascospores and pycnidiospores were trapped within 25 m of the inoculated area, whereas pycnidiospores were trapped up to 45 m from the inoculated area.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it