A Raman study of aqueous DMF and DMA solutions at low temperatures
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydrogen bonding in aqueous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) solutions was studied by Raman spectroscopy of the OH-stretching spectra of water as functions of solute concentration and temperature (from 50 to 50 °C). The Raman spectra were decomposed successfully into two components (the low- and high-frequency components). The peak area ratio of the low-frequency component to the high-frequency component increases exponentially with decreasing temperature. The frequency of the low-frequency component decreases linearly with lowering temperature down to 50 °C at all solute concentrations (solute mol fraction from 0.3 to 0.7). It is shown that the hydrogen bonds in the clathrate structures around DMA molecules are stronger than those around DMF molecules.Key words: Raman spectrum, DMF, DMA, aqueous solution, low temperature.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it