A programmable positive and negative high-voltage DC-DC converter dedicated for ultrasonic applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper concerns the design and implementation of a fully integrated programmable high voltage CMOS DC-DC up-converter (PHVUC), followed by a negative high voltage doubler (NHVD) stage, which is dedicated to ultrasonic transmitters. The proposed PHVUC topology is based on a 5-stage charge pump circuit, and a level up shifter is used in each stage as a clock generator in order to increase exponentially the DC voltage. A floating gate technique is used to protect the gate oxide of transistors and a low power, low area level up shifter is proposed. Positive and negative HV DC levels are needed to drive ultrasound cells and are generated by a new NHVD. Post layout simulation results of the proposed circuits, using 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS/DMOS high-voltage process technology, show an output voltage range from -100V up to 200V and a fine programmability achieved with 98% gain voltage factor and 45mV output ripples at 2 MHz clock frequency. By implementing the floating gate technique, the power consumption of the level up shifter can be reduced to 50% compared to conventional one.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".