Nematode Parasites of 41 Anuran Species from the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One thousand fifty-two anurans representing 11 families (41 species)—Bufonidae: Crepidophryne epiotica (n = 2), Incilius coccifer (n = 21), Incilius conifera (n = 2), Incilius luetkenii (n = 48), Incilius valliceps (n = 5), Rhaebo haematiticus (n = 6), Rhinella marina (n = 77); Craugastoridae: Craugastor bransfordii (n = 1), Craugastor cuaquero (n = 1), Craugastor fitzingeri (n = 54), Craugastor megacephalus (n = 6), Craugastor noblei (n = 4), Craugastor podiciferus (n = 3), Craugastor ranoides (n = 4), Craugastor stejnegerianus (n = 3), Craugastor underwoodi (n = 2); Dendrobatidae: Oophaga pumilio (n = 5); Eleutherodactylidae: Diasporus diastema (n = 4); Hylidae: Agalychnis callidryas (n = 14), Duellmanohyla rufioculis (n = 3), Dendropsophus ebraccatus (n = 10), Dendropsophus microcephalus (n = 8), Isthmohyla lancasteri (n = 7), Scinax boulengeri (n = 22), Scinax elaeochrous (n = 13), Smilisca baudinii (n = 83), Smilisca phaeota (n = 8), Smilisca puma (n = 4), Trachycephalus venulosus (n = 41); Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylus fragilis (n = 16), Leptodactylus melanonotus (n = 17), Leptodactylus pentadactylus (n = 22), Leptodactylus poecilochilus (n = 26); Leiuperidae: Engystomops pustulosus (n = 27); Microhylidae: Hypopachus variolosus (n = 32); Ranidae: Lithobates forreri (n = 114), Lithobates taylori (n = 24), Lithobates vaillanti (n = 267), Lithobates warszewitschii (n = 32); Rhinophrynidae: Rhinophrya dorsalis (n = 4); Strabomantidae: Pristimantis ridens (n = 10)—collected in the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, were necropsied. Gravid nematodes representing 20 species—Africana telfordi, Aplectana hylambatis, Aplectana incerta, Aplectana itzocanensis, Cosmocerca parva, Cosmocerca podicipinus, Cosmocercella minor, Cosmocercoides variabilis, Cruzia empera, Falcaustra costaricae, Foleyellides striatus, Ochoterenella digiticauda, Oswaldocruzia costaricensis, Parapharyngodon duniae, Rhabdias alabialis, Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala, Rhabdias savagei, Schrankiana inconspicata, Spiroxys figueiredoi, Subulascaris falcaustriformis—and larvae representing 5 species—Ascaridae gen. sp., Contracaecum sp, Eustrongylides sp., Physaloptera sp., Physocephalus sp.—were found. One hundred thirteen new host records are reported.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".