Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) measurements of elevated Southern Hemisphere upper tropospheric CO, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, HCN, and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> mixing ratios from biomass burning emissions and long‐range transport
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Infrared Fourier transform spectra recorded at 0.02 cm−1 resolution by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) show elevated levels of the relatively long‐lived biomass burning products CO, C2H6, HCN, and C2H2 in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere at 15°S–45°S latitude from 30 September to 3 November 2004. Mixing ratios up to 260 ppbv (10−9 per unit volume) for CO, 1470 pptv (10−12 per unit volume) for HCN, and 1.67 ppbv for C2H6 are observed in the upper troposphere and their variations are highly correlated reflecting their similar lifetimes and emission origin. Back trajectory calculations and maps of fire distributions for the time period indicate the elevated levels likely originated from regions of tropical fire emissions in South America or Africa with cases identified with elevated emissions reaching close to the lower stratosphere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".