A high resolution and wideband CMOS LO phase shifter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new active LO phase shifter is introduced and implemented in a 2×2 MIMO receiver using STMicroelectronics 90nm CMOS technology. One of the advantaged of this new phase shifter is its capability of achieving very high resolution phase shifting over a wide range of frequencies which makes it suitable for multi-standard wireless applications. The proposed phase shifter is fully transistor based and it is digitally controlled. Measurement shows that phase shifter is able to change the phase of the output base band signal by 360° when LO is varying from 1.5GHz to 6GHz. the average resolution of the phase shifter is 1.32ps which is equivalent to 0.7 and 2.9 degree at 1.5GHz and 6GHz respectively. The differential I&Q signals are swapped to reduce the phase shift requirement of the phase shifter.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".