Clear Water Local Scour by Submerged Three-Dimensional Wall Jets: Effect of Tailwater Depth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study deals with scour caused by three-dimensional jets issuing from a square cross-section nozzle onto a noncohesive sand bed. Experiments were conducted using two different nozzles and three tailwater depths. The densimetric Froude number was maintained below ten, while the jet expansion ratio was held greater than ten. The results indicate that the densimetric Froude number, tailwater depth, and grain size-to-nozzle width ratio, all have an influence on the extent of scour. However, each parameter has a dominant influence at different flow conditions. For example, at values of densimetric Froude numbers less than five, nondimensional tailwater depth and grain size-to-nozzle width ratio have no effect on the maximum depth of scour. At higher densimetric Froude numbers, the effect of tailwater depth appears to be important at larger values of grain size-to-nozzle width ratio. A set of scaling parameters based on nozzle hydraulic radius, grain size, and densimetric Froude number provides for a better scaling of the time variation of the scour parameters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".