Alveolar ridge augmentation using implants coated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2: histologic observations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies using ectopic rodent, orthotopic canine, and non-human primate models show that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) coated onto titanium surfaces induce local bone formation. The objective of this study was to examine the ability of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) coated onto a titanium porous oxide implant surface to stimulate local bone formation including osseointegration and vertical augmentation of the alveolar ridge. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bilateral, critical-size, 5 mm, supra-alveolar, peri-implant defects were created in 12 young adult Hound Labrador mongrel dogs. Six animals received implants coated with rhBMP-2 at 0.75 or 1.5 mg/ml, and six animals received implants coated with rhBMP-2 at 3.0 mg/ml or uncoated control. Treatments were randomized between jaw quadrants. The mucoperiosteal flaps were advanced, adapted and sutured to submerge the implants for primary intention healing. The animals received fluorescent bone markers at weeks 3, 4, 7 and 8 post-surgery when they were euthanized for histologic evaluation. RESULTS: Jaw quadrants receiving implants coated with rhBMP-2 exhibited gradually regressing swelling that became hard to palpate disguising the contours of the implants. The histologic evaluation showed robust bone formation reaching or exceeding the implant platform. The newly formed bone exhibited characteristics of the adjoining resident Type II bone including cortex formation for sites receiving implants coated with rhBMP-2 at 0.75 or 1.5 mg/ml. Sites receiving implants coated with rhBMP-2 at 3.0 mg/ml exhibited more immature trabecular bone formation, seroma formation and peri-implant bone remodelling resulting in undesirable implant displacement. Control implants exhibited minimal, if any, bone formation. Thus, implants coated with rhBMP-2 at 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 mg/ml exhibited significant bone formation (height and area) compared with the sham-surgery control averaging (+/-SD) 4.4+/-0.4, 4.2+/-0.7 and 4.2+/-1.2 versus 0.8+/-0.3 mm; and 5.0+/-2.2, 5.6+/-2.2 and 7.4+/-3.5 versus 0.7+/-0.3 mm(2), respectively (p<0.01). All the treatment groups exhibited clinically relevant osseointegration. CONCLUSIONS: rhBMP-2 coated onto titanium porous oxide implant surfaces induced clinically relevant local bone formation including vertical augmentation of the alveolar ridge and osseointegration. Higher concentrations/doses were associated with untoward effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".