Difference of Circles Feature Detector
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Feature detection is a crucial step in many Computer Vision applications such as matching, tracking, visual odometry and object recognition, etc. Detecting robust features that are persistent, rotation-invariant, and quickly calculated is a major problem in computer vision. Feature detectors using the difference of Gaussian (DoG) are computationally expensive, however, if the DoG is used with image sub sampling at higher orders, the detectors become fast but their feature localization becomes inaccurate. Detectors based on difference of octagons (DoO) or difference of stars (DoS) algorithm are fast and localize the features accurately, but they are not rotation-invariant. This paper introduces a novel technique for the difference of circles (DoC) algorithm, used for feature detection, that is perfectly rotation-invariant and has the potential of being very fast through using circular integral images. The performance of DoC algorithm is compared with the difference of stars algorithm presented by 'Willow Garage'. The experiments conducted concentrate on the rotation-invariance property of DoC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".