An Interacting Multiple Model Probabilistic Data Association Filter for Cavity Boundary Extraction From Ultrasound Images
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a novel segmentation technique for extracting cavity contours from ultrasound images. The problem is first discretized by projecting equispaced radii from an arbitrary seed point inside the cavity toward its boundary. The distance of the cavity boundary from the seed point is modeled by the trajectory of a moving object. The motion of this moving object is assumed to be governed by a finite set of dynamical models subject to uncertainty. Candidate edge points obtained along each radius include the measurement of the object position and some false returns. The modeling approach enables us to use the interacting multiple model estimator along with a probabilistic data association filter, for contour extraction. The convergence rate of the method is very fast because it does not employ any numerical optimization. The robustness and accuracy of the method are demonstrated by segmenting contours from a series of ultrasound images. The results are validated through comparison with manual segmentations performed by an expert. An application of the method in segmenting bone contours from computed tomography images is also presented.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it