Homocysteine and Cardiac Neural Crest Cell Cytoskeletal Proteins in the Chick Embryo
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Elevated serum homocysteine (Hcys) is correlated with cardiovascular disease and with embryonicmalformations related to neural crest cells (NCCs). We predicted Hcys may alter the balance of actin networks,stress fibers and focal adhesions, altering migration. We cultured neural tube explants in control and Hcys-treatedmedium and visualized actin, ?-actinin, vinculin, filamin, and LIM3 protein in NCCs migrating outward. In Hcys,phalloidin-stained actin in stress fibers was brighter, and vinculin was more abundant in focal adhesions andlamellipodia. ?-actinin and LIM3 were also enhanced around nuclei and in focal adhesions, and ?-actinin also infilopodia. Filamin was unchanged. Hcys caused more spreading and migration of NCCs, but not more cell-celladhesions. The findings support our hypothesis that Hcys adjusts NCCs for greater adhesion and migration. Itseffect on LIM3 suggests it may modulate signaling that adjusts the cytoskeleton for enhanced migration, leadingto mistimed and defective development of target tissues.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".