Role of Glycolipids in Lipid Rafts: A View through Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations with Galactosylceramide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Even in small amounts, glycolipids are an integral part of lipid rafts and their cellular functions. Here we employ atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to consider galactosylceramide (GalCer), one of the common glycosphingolipids, and investigate its interactions with other raft components (cholesterol, POPC, sphingomyelin) as well as the role and the effects of GalCer on the physical properties of raft-like membranes. Our results for 5 mol % GalCer indicate that whereas the thickness of raft membranes is clearly increased by the addition of GalCer, the average area per lipid and lipid conformational order remain virtually unchanged. Notable changes are observed in lateral diffusion of the raft lipids. This is found to be associated with the interdigitation of GalCer. With cholesterol, GalCer is observed to interact specifically by shielding it from the water phase.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".