Are Spanish Listed Firms Betting on CSR during the Crisis? Evidence from the Agency Problem
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Companies have to continue with their businesses in the current uncertain environment triggered by the economic crisis. Since the decrease in the performance of companies is a reality, academicians, managers and entrepreneur are worried about what may be happening with Corporate Social Responsibility. Because of the strong impact of the crisis on Spain, we are going to study its effect on the CSR behaviour of Spanish companies. Therefore, we analyse whether the performance of the company, as well as some shareholding characteristics, influence CSR before and during the crisis. The results show that large Spanish companies continue to carry out CSR actions despite the effects of the crisis on their financial health. It seems that shareholders are more influential than managers in these strategic and entrepreneurial decisions. Additionally, the presence of a reference shareholder means that companies are more committed to CSR, although a higher percentage of insider shareholders cause the contrary effect.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it