In Vivo Assessment of Myocardial Glucose Uptake by Positron Emission Tomography in Adults With the <i>PRKAG2</i> Cardiac Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The PRKAG2 cardiac syndrome is an inherited metabolic disease of the heart characterized by excessive myocardial glycogen deposition. The biochemical alterations associated with this condition remain controversial and have not previously been studied in affected humans. METHODS AND RESULTS: Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was used to quantitatively assess myocardial glucose uptake (MGU) in 6 adult subjects with the PRKAG2 cardiac syndrome and 6 healthy, matched control subjects using the glucose analogue (18)F-Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG). Studies were performed under a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp to ensure stable blood glucose levels. Rubidium-82 perfusion scans were performed to ensure that myocardial differences in myocardial glucose uptake were not the result of significant myocardial scar. In adult patients with phenotypic expression of disease, the median myocardial glucose uptake of the left ventricle was 0.18 mumol/min/g (interquartile range, 0.14, 0.24), compared with 0.40 mumol/min/g (interquartile range, 0.30 to 0.45) in the control group (P=0.01). The median blood glucose during FDG-PET imaging was 4.72 mmol/L (interquartile range, 4.32 to 4.97) in the PRKAG2 group and 4.38 mmol/L (interquartile range, 3.90, 4.79) in the control group (P=NS). The significant decrease observed in myocardial glucose uptake in affected patients occurred in the absence of significant myocardial scar. CONCLUSIONS: The PRKAG2 cardiac syndrome is associated with a reduction of glucose uptake in adult patients affected with this genetic condition. In this pilot study, (18)F-FDG-PET imaging is a useful tool to assess alterations in myocardial glucose transport in this inherited metabolic disease and provide insight into the biochemical pathophysiology of the diseased state.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".