Hydraulic Fracturing and Water Resources
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
According to some energy analysts, natural gas is “poised to enter a golden age” as a result of the availability and development of large volumes of new sources of unconventional natural gas, including coal bed methane, tight gas, and shale gas. Historically, natural gas production from unconventional reserves has been limited. In 2010, unconventional natural gas accounted for about 14 percent of total global natural gas production. The International Energy Agency (IEA) projects that by 2013 annual production from unconventional sources will triple and will represent about one-third of all natural gas production (IEA 2012). While North America, especially the United States and Canada, dominated unconventional gas production in 2010, growth in unconventional gas production is expected widely around the world (IEA 2012). China, in particular, is projected to experience major increases in production, becoming the second-largest producer after the United States. While shale gas accounts for the vast majority of growth in natural gas production, some growth is also projected for tight gas.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it