Dynamics and Stable Isotope Composition of Gaseous and Dissolved Oxygen
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The vadose zone and ground water environments are a sink for atmospheric O(2). The pathways and rates of O(2) consumption are primarily related to the availability and rate of oxidation of key reductants (e.g., organics, sulfides), through a combination of biological or abiotic reactions. The range in delta(18)O of O(2) in the subsurface is large, from +20 per thousand to +39 per thousand (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water) in the vadose zone and from +12 per thousand to +46 per thousand in ground water. The aggregated O(2) isotope fractionation by consumption (alpha(k)) was found to range from 0.970 to 1.300 and 0.980 to 1.030 in vadose zones and aquifers, respectively. These data suggest the delta(18)O patterns in both unsaturated zones and aquifers can be attributed to microbially mediated reactions (alpha(k)= range from 0.975 to 1.000), but there are apparently other inverse isotope fractionating processes (alpha(k) > 1.000). Circumstantial evidence suggested O(2) processed during the sulfide oxidation and precipitation of Fe-oxyhydroxides process (or other unidentified processes) could be the cause of the significant (18)O depletions. Overall, delta(18)O data from vadose zones and ground water revealed that isotope fractionation by consumption of gaseous and dissolved O(2) in the subsurface and ground water environments is more complicated than what has classically been attributed solely to geomicrobial respiration. Given the questions and inexplicable data arising from this study, further detailed research on O(2) consuming processes in the Earth's subsurface and ground water is warranted.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it