Optical Vector Network Analyzer Based on Unbalanced Double-Sideband Modulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An optical vector network analyzer (OVNA) based on unbalanced double-sideband (UB-DSB) modulation with improved measurement accuracy is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It is different from an OVNA based on optical single-sideband (OSSB) modulation in which one-to-one mapping between the optical and radio frequency responses is employed to measure the magnitude and phase responses of an optical component, the proposed technique measures the magnitude and phase responses by taking into consideration of the power of the other sideband through solving two equations that are associated with the UB-DSB modulation, thus the errors due to the residual power of the other sideband in an OSSB modulation based approach are completely eliminated. A mathematical model providing the transfer function of an optical component is derived. The measurement of a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating and a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating is performed. Comparing with the measured results based on OSSB modulation, obvious improvement in measurement accuracy is demonstrated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".