Four decades of research on thermal contact, gap, and joint resistance in microelectronics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Keynote Paper reviews and highlights over 40 years of research on solutions for steady-state and transient thermal constriction and spreading resistances, and thermomechanical models for contact, gap and joint resistances of joints formed by conforming rough surfaces, nonconforming smooth surfaces, and nonconforming rough surfaces. Microgap and macrogap thermal resistance and conductance models are reviewed, and important relations and correlation equations are presented. Contact microhardness, determined by Vickers indenters, are correlated and incorporated into the contact model for conforming rough surfaces. Microhardness parameters are correlated with Brinell hardness values. Elastoplastic contact models for joints formed by smooth sphere-smooth flat and conforming rough surfaces are presented. A simple thermomechanical model for microgaps occupied by oil, grease, grease filled with solid particles, and phase change materials such as paraffins is reviewed, and good agreement with recently published data is noted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".