Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and inflammatory markers in patients with early- vs. late-stage bipolar disorder
Why is this work in the frame?
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Full frame distilled prediction
Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
- Candidate categories
- none
- Consensus categories
- none
- Domain
- Candidate signal: noneConsensus signal: none
- Study design
- Candidate signal: ObservationalConsensus signal: Observational
- Genre
- Candidate signal: EmpiricalConsensus signal: Empirical
- Teacher disagreement score
- 0.007
- Threshold uncertainty score
- 0.405
- Validation status
machine_predicted_unvalidated·codex-gemma-dda1882f352a
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
- Teacher spread
- 0.251 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
Bipolar I disorder (BD) has a poorer longer-term outcome than previously thought, with persistent cognitive impairment and functional decline. The neurobiological underpinnings that might underlie these changes remain unknown. Changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and cytokines are potential candidates. The aim of this study was to examine both cytokine and BDNF levels and their relationship in BD patients in the early and late stages of the disorder. We measured serum BDNF, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 levels in a total of 60 patients with BD I and we compared those in early stages of illness with those in late stages of illness and also compared both groups with 60 matched healthy controls. BDNF was decreased only in those patients in the late stage of bipolar disorder. Moreover, BDNF levels were negatively correlated with length of illness. In contrast, all interleukins and TNF-alpha were increased in the early stages of BD, compared to controls. While TNF-alpha and IL-6 continued to be significantly higher than controls at late stages of BD, IL-10 did not. When levels were compared between patients at early and late stages of illness, there was a significant decrease in BDNF and IL-6 in the later stage of BD compared to the early stage. Inversely, TNF-alpha showed a significant increase at the later stage. Failure of inflammatory defences in the late stage of the disorder may account for reduction in BDNF and continued elevations in cytokines; thus these may have the potential to serve as markers of illness progression in BD.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
- Topic
- Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Field
- Medicine
- Canadian institutions
- University of British Columbia
- Funders
- not available
- Keywords
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factorBipolar disorderNeurotrophic factorsInternal medicinePsychologyBipolar illnessStage (stratigraphy)Interleukin 6EndocrinologyCytokineNeurotrophinPathophysiologyMedicineLithium (medication)ReceptorBiology
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes