A New CMOS BPSK Modulator with Optimal Transaction Bandwidth Control
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new BPSK modulator for Bluetooth applications is presented. The proposed modulator minimizes the bandwidth of the modulated carrier by minimizing the degree of sharpness of the transactions of modulated carrier. To avoid the drawbacks of large silicon area requirement of passive spiral inductors and transformers, CMOS active transformers are developed from corresponding CMOS active inductors. They are utilized in the design of the 1.6 GHz quadrature oscillator to provide a high-quality sinusoidal output. To assess the performance of the proposed modulator, a 1.6 GHz BPSK modulator has been implemented in a TSMC-0.18 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i> m 1.8V CMOS technology and analyzed using SpectreRF from Cadence Design Systems with BSIM3v3 device models and the simulation results are presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".