Generational differences on craft workers’ perceptions of the factors affecting labour productivity<sup>1</sup>This paper is one of a selection of papers in this Special Issue on Construction Engineering and Management.
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although the current economic downturn has eased the stress of broad skilled labour shortages, it is reasonable to believe that the shortage will return when the U.S. economy rebounds. The shortage could become more substantial because the U.S. construction industry is poised to make a significant demographic shift with Baby Boomer workers approaching retirement and Generation Y workers joining the workforce. This paper investigates how different generations of craft workers perceive the factors affecting labour productivity. The data was collected through a survey of 1996 craft workers on 28 U.S. construction sites in 2004 and 2005. The analysis results reveal that: (1) Generation Y, Generation X, and Baby Boomers actually have consensus on the relative impact of productivity factors; and (2) significant differences were also observed on individual productivity factors and the primary differences among the generations were associated with tools and consumables, labour, engineering drawing management, and project policy.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it