Effect of footing width on <i>N<sub>γ</sub></i> and failure envelope of eccentrically and obliquely loaded strip footings on sand
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper thoroughly investigates the bearing capacity of strip footings on sand under combined loading by using a lower-bound limit analysis in conjunction with finite elements and second-order cone programming (SOCP). Two analyses were performed: one using a constant friction angle and the other using a variable friction angle. The analyses with a constant friction angle were used to calibrate the existing results, including the classical solutions commonly used in foundation design practice and other numerical or experimental solutions. The analyses with a variable friction angle allow us to investigate the effect of footing width B on the bearing capacity of strip footings. An iteration computational procedure is employed to account for the dependency of the friction angle on the stress level. According to the numerical results, it is found that the bearing capacity factor N γ for eccentrically or obliquely loaded strip footings linearly decreases with the increase of B on a log–log scale, where the range 0.3–5 m of footing width was considered in this paper. In addition, it is found that the footing width has a negligible effect on the shape and size of the normalized failure envelopes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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