Oxytocin retrogradely inhibits evoked, but not miniature, EPSCs in the rat supraoptic nucleus: role of N‐ and P/Q‐type calcium channels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We previously reported that oxytocin (OXT), released from the dendrites of magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), acts retrogradely on presynaptic terminals to inhibit glutamatergic transmission. Here we test the hypothesis that oxytocin reduces calcium influx into the presynaptic terminal. We used nystatin perforated-patch recording in vitro to first identify the calcium channels involved in glutamatergic transmission in the SON. [omega]-Conotoxin GVIA ([omega]-CTx) and [omega]-Agatoxin TK ([omega]-Aga) both reduced evoked EPSC amplitude, while nicardipine and nickel had no effect. A combination of [omega]-CTx and [omega]-Aga completely abolished the evoked EPSCs. This depressant effect was accompanied by an increase in the paired pulse ratio with no change in the kinetics of the evoked EPSCs, AMPA currents or postsynaptic cell properties. These results suggest that presynaptic N- and P/Q-type calcium channels mediate glutamate release in the SON while L-, T- and R-type channels make little or no contribution. Oxytocin-induced reduction of the evoked EPSC was substantially occluded in the presence of [omega]-CTx but only partially in the presence of [omega]-Aga. Amastatin, an endopeptidase inhibitor that increases the level of endogenous OXT, also reduced the evoked EPSC. This amastatin effect was also occluded by [omega]-CTx and [omega]-Aga. Miniature EPSCs, which are independent of extracellular calcium, were unaffected by either [omega]-CTx or by OXT, thus further substantiating an action of both compounds on calcium channels. Therefore, dendritically released oxytocin acts mainly via a mechanism involving the N-type channel, and to a lesser extent the P/Q-type channel, to decrease excitatory transmission.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".