Baroclinic Instability of Frontal Geostrophic Currents over a Slope
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Phillips problem of baroclinic instability is generalized in a frontal geostrophic model. The configuration used here is a two-layer flow (with quasigeostrophic upper-layer current) over a sloping bottom. Baroclinic instability in the frontal model has a single unstable mode, corresponding to isobaths and isopycnals sloping in the same direction, contrary to the quasigeostrophic model, which has two unstable modes. In physical terms, this is explained by the absence of relative vorticity in the lower (frontal) layer. Indeed, the frontal geostrophic model can be related to the quasigeostrophic model in the limit of very small thickness of the lower layer, implying that potential vorticity reduces to vortex stretching in this layer. This stability study is then extended to unsteady flows. In the frontal geostrophic model, a mean flow oscillation can stabilize an unstable steady flow; it can destabilize a stable steady flow only for a discrete spectrum of low frequencies. In this case, the model equations reduce to the Mathieu equation, the properties of which are well known.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".