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Record W2144734380

Terror Financing: Back in Business. A Case study of the Democratic Republic of Congo (ex-Zaire)

2004· article· en· W2144734380 on OpenAlexaffvenue
Jorim Disengomoka

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of military and strategic studies · 2004
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicCrime, Illicit Activities, and Governance
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Calgary
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMoney launderingDemocracySierra leonePolitical scienceTerrorismCurrencyPoliticsLawBusinessDevelopment economicsEconomics
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Conflict diamonds are often used in lieu of currency in arms deals, money laundering, and other criminal activities; they are easily concealed and transported and virtually untraceable to their original source. The United Nations (U.N) General Assembly defines conflict diamonds as “rough diamonds used by rebel movements to finance their military activities, including attempts to undermine or overthrow legitimate governments” . The Kimberly Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) is the international response to the destabilizing effect of “rough” or conflict diamonds in the global search for sustainable peace and development in Sierra Leone, Angola, The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and other parts of Africa. It intends to eliminate trade in conflict and stolen diamonds with a view of cutting off the flow of much needed diamonds. These are used by rebels to purchase arms and ammunitions. The purpose is to eliminate or reduce armed conflicts in the affected states. The case will be made of the loophole in the KPCS that can further weaken the global security and destabilize Africa. Though the KPCS is sound, there is a need to improve its essence. Stakeholders and the United Nations must develop a more comprehensive legal regime to strengthen the process by creating a regulatory body of diamond inspectors similar to the International Atomic Energy Agency. If nothing is done, we can easily envision or detect the possibility of money laundering, which could aid in the financing of terrorist organizations. A grim picture of that reality is almost visible in the DRC. Without democracy and strong legal institutions, the Democratic Republic of Congo could be a refuge for terror financing activities. What is stopping terror organizations from flourishing in this chaotic landscape? Nothing. The authority of the central government is concentrated in the hands of a few who are motivated by self-interest. Vast natural resources, such as coltan, diamonds, copper, gold and Uranium, are found throughout the country in regions where government control is weak or non-existent. Therefore, lawlessness consisting of a chaotic environment looms large over the country, inviting extremist organizations and their operatives to easily blend in with the diasporas of their respective communities and mastermind their next strikes. The downfall of the transitional government can be provoked by socio-economic problems. The living condition of the average Congolese has become unbearable. The popular voices in the country are continually grumbling. As this grumbling grows, it could crystallize and induce an uncontrollable reflex among the population to revolt. The apparent calm is misleading; the situation is a time bomb. If nothing is done, history will repeat itself and the DRC will become a balkanized country with all its horrible implications.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.101
Threshold uncertainty score0.200

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0080.002
Scholarly communication0.0060.004
Open science0.0010.002
Research integrity0.0030.003
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0070.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.081
GPT teacher head0.323
Teacher spread0.241 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2004
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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