Species diversity patterns of choanoflagellates in the Pettaquamscutt River Estuary, Rhode Island, USA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Choanoflagellates are a large group of heterotrophic protists that play an important role in carbon transfer through the microbial loop, as they consume bacterioplankton and have also been found to be a major food source for macrozooplankton. Although many choanoflagellate species are cosmopolitan, species diversity of the acanthoecid choanoflagellates has been shown to vary substantially between study areas around the globe. A seasonal investigation of acanthoecid species diversity was conducted along the salinity gradient in the Pettaquamscutt River Estuary (PRE), Rhode Island, USA. The taxonomy of the Acanthoecidae is based upon the morphology of a complex basket‐like lorica that surrounds the protoplast. Only one previously published study has investigated the diversity of this choanoflagellate family in the western North Atlantic, specifically in the coastal waters of Newfoundland. The Rhode Island survey found that maximum species richness occurred between July and October, and some species exhibited a salinity preference in their distributions, while others had a seasonal shift in occurrence. Acanthocorbis apoda (Leadbeater) Hara and Takahashi, 1984 occurred most consistently throughout the study (55% of samples), while Diaphanoeca grandis Ellis, 1930, Diplotheca costata Valkanov, 1970, Savillea micropora (Norris) Leadbeater, 1975, Stephanoeca cupula (Leadbeater) Thomsen 1988, and Stephanoeca supracostata Hara 1996 were each present in 36‐45% of samples. The PRE survey found a four‐fold increase in species richness of acanthoecid choanoflagellates over the Canadian study, providing further evidence of the large regional variability in choanoflagellate distributions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".