Tracking Control of an Antagonistic Shape Memory Alloy Actuator Pair
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shape memory alloy actuators exhibit significant nonlinearities in their stress-strain-temperature characteristics which makes them difficult to control. This brief presents a control scheme for trajectory tracking using torque control of shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators connected to a rotary load in an antagonistic configuration. Despite possessing interesting properties such as large force to mass ratio, possibility of miniaturization, light weight, and quiet actuation, SMA exhibits undesirable characteristics that should be taken into account when utilizing them as actuators. The undesirable characteristics include hysteresis, nonlinear temperature dependencies, and slow response. By considering the nonlinear behavior and thermal characteristics of SMA, an inversion-based control scheme with time-varying gains is developed in this brief. The proposed controller does not depend on characteristics of SMA wire and only an approximate model is sufficient. The controller performance is further evaluated on an experimental setup.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it