Morphology and spatial distribution of alien sea-rockets ( <i>Cakile</i> spp.) on South Australian and Western Canadian beaches
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sea-rockets ( Cakile spp., Brassicaceae) are annual plants of sandy beaches. Cakile edentula (Bigel.) Hook. is native to the eastern coast of North America, C. maritima Scop. to western Europe and the Mediterranean basin. The two species differ in several morphological features, including leaf form, fruits and petal size. Both are long-established aliens on beaches in western Canada and southern Australia, at sites where we examined their morphological and distributional attributes. The two Cakile species co-occur at Pachina Beach, British Columbia, Canada, with C. edentula more common and widely distributed over broader range of beach elevations and C. maritima restricted to the upper beach. Although a few putative hybrids occur, the species are morphologically quite distinct. In contrast, on Westlake Shores beach, South Australia, Cakile is at least in part perennial, with widely variable morphologies, and the taxon is not separable into two morphologically distinct entities. Species boundaries have blurred apparently because of introgression. Factors that may have lead to this contrasting situation in South Australia are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".