Molecular and Morphological Analysis of<i>Dendroctonus pseudotsugae</i>(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) : An Assessment of the Taxonomic Status of Subspecies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins infests Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, throughout the distribution of that tree species from British Columbia to northern Mexico. The subspecies Dendroctonus pseudotsugae barragani Furniss was described from the mountains of Chihuahua, Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico, whereas the nominal subspecies, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae pseudotsugae Hopkins, occurs north of Mexico. The description of D. p. barragani was based on the only known Mexican population at that time. More recently, new populations of this beetle have been discovered at 13 additional localities in Chihuahua, Durango, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon, Mexico. To test whether these additional populations support the existence of two subspecies, we performed a taxonomic reassessment combining molecular markers (cytochrome oxidase I), morphological characters used in the original description, and newly described morphological characters. Phylogenetic analysis of 89 haplotypes confirms that the Mexican populations are distinct from the sampled populations in the United States and Canada. Morphological analysis indicates that intraspecific variation is greater than previously considered within Mexican populations. However, at least seven characters on the head, pronotum, and elytra (including three previously undescribed characters of frons sculpture) consistently discriminate among Canada—U.S. and Mexico populations. The extension of the known distribution of this beetle in Mexico and verification of its subspecific status will aid in the management and conservation of Pseudotsuga in Mexico.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".