Transvaginal US and Hysterosonography in Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer Receiving Tamoxifen: Correlation with Hysteroscopy and Pathologic Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tamoxifen citrate therapy increases the prevalence of benign and malignant uterine lesions. At transvaginal ultrasonography (US), the finding of a thickened central endometrial complex, with or without cystic changes, is often nonspecific and may be caused by an endometrial polyp, submucosal leiomyoma (fibroid), endometrial hyperplasia, carcinoma, or cystic atrophy. In addition, because of an increased prevalence of adenomyosis or adenomyosis-like changes in women receiving tamoxifen, proper transvaginal US assessment of endometrial thickness and abnormalities is difficult in some women. Hysterosonography, as an adjunct to transvaginal US, allows identification of intracavitary lesions and focal and diffuse endometrial abnormalities and helps determine whether an abnormality is endometrial or subendometrial. Endometrial polyps may be seen at transvaginal US as nonspecific thickening of the endometrial complex, with or without cystic changes. At hysterosonography, they appear as an echogenic mass with smooth margins. Submucosal leiomyomas may protrude into the endometrial cavity, causing false endometrial thickening at transvaginal US. Hysterosonography shows a round structure arising from the myometrium with a thin, overlying endometrium. At transvaginal US, when the endometrium cannot be accurately measured or when there is a nonspecific thickened central endometrial complex, hysterosonography can provide additional information and can help in the triage for hysteroscopic versus nondirected endometrial biopsy. Correlation of transvaginal US and hysterosonographic findings with hysteroscopic and pathologic findings enhances understanding of these changes, as well as the limitations and potential pitfalls of both imaging techniques.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".