Ultra-low power VCOs - performance characteristics and modeling (invited)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper describes CMOS voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) with ultra-low power capabilities. It presents a discussion of their performance characteristics and modeling using simple physics-based expressions. The oscillators have been designed in a commercial 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and the transistors in the VCOs operate from weak to strong inversion modes. They have been tested and found functional with supply voltages from 80 mV up to 1.8 V. Experimental results show that the VCO's power consumption is mainly dynamic for the whole range of supply voltages used and powers down to the nW regime has been achieved. A new and important feature of this VCO is the use of the substrate voltage as an additional control for the frequency tunability. In this way, a new VCO with two voltage controls for its operating frequency has been realized. The detailed experimental results and comparison to calculations are presented and discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".