A Trisheteroleptic Cyclometalated Ru<sup>II</sup> Sensitizer that Enables High Power Output in a Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The low embodied energy and high power-conversion efficiency (h) over disparate light intensities renders the dyesensitized solar cell (DSSC) a promising alternative to conventional photovoltaic technologies. Significant penetration of the DSSC into the photovoltaic market, however, is hindered predominantly by the long-term stability of dyes and electrolytes under practical conditions. The instability of champion (i.e., h> 10%) dyes (which, until recently, all were derivatives of [Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2] (N3 ; dcbpy= 4,4’dicarboxy-2,2’-bipyridine)) in the DSSC is caused primarily by desorption of the dyes from the surface and/or liberation of the NCS ligands from the metal centre. While the rate of dye desorption from TiO2 can be manipulated by replacing the CO2H moiety with other anchoring groups, this strategy typically compromises electron injection into the TiO2. [8] An alternative approach is to replace the dcbpy ligands that comprise N3 with bidentate ligands bearing aliphatic substituents (e.g., Scheme 1a), which serve to hinder water from reaching the surface to hydrolytically cleave the TiO2–dye ester linkage. These groups provide the additional benefit of suppressing recombination between the electrolyte and the electrons in TiO2, thus leading to higher efficiencies (Scheme 1a). Chemical strategies for avoiding the labile Ru NCS bond have been realized recently; indeed, we and others have now documented remarkably high h values for DSSCs containing NCS -free Ru sensitizers. Cyclometalated Ru complexes such as [Ru(dcbpy)2(ppy)] 1+ (ppy= 2-phenylpyridine) provide a versatile platform in this respect because: 1) the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is extended over the metal and anionic ring thus enabling its modulation through judicious installation of substituents at the R2 site in Scheme 1b; and 2) the low-lying excited states, which contain orbital character that resides on the p* framework of the dcbpy ligand(s), are poised for electron injection into the TiO2. [10,11,15–18] This scenario leaves open the opportunity to replace one dcbpy with a bidentate ligand capable of suppressing recombination and enhancing the optical properties as per the aforementioned protocol (Scheme 1). While we recently demonstrated synthetic access to trisheteroleptic Ru sensitizers (e.g., 1 and 2 ; Scheme 2), we learned that removing the acid linkers
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it