Influence of Slenderness on the Behavior of a FRP-Encased Steel-Concrete Composite Column
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The compressive behavior of a steel-concrete composite column encased in a fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tube is evaluated experimentally for columns with various slenderness ratios. The composite column consists of a FRP tube surrounding a steel I-section that is subsequently filled with concrete. A total of nine column specimens were tested ranging between 500 and 3,000 mm in height. Confinement and composite action resulted in enhanced compressive behavior of the composite columns. Maximum confinement occurred in the short column (slenderness ratio less than 0.2). Confinement action reduced with increased height of the column specimens. The column load- carrying capacity, ultimate axial strain, and compressive strength of the confined concrete core in the longest specimen (slenderness ratio of 0.9) were reduced to approximately 59, 14, and 51% of the short column values, respectively. A buckling strength curve of the composite columns was developed on the basis of the experimental results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".