Stresses induced in continental lithospheres by axisymmetric spherical convection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We employ an axisymmetric spherical shell model of mantle convection to examine the magnitude of deviatoric tensile stresses generated in a stationary continental plate resulting from the subduction of oceanic plate material below an active continental margin. The model includes depth-dependent physical properties, uniform internal heating, compressibility and mineral phase-change boundaries at depths of 400 and 660 km. Below 100 km, mantle viscosity is assumed constant. Above 100 km, plate-like behavior may be approximated in axisymmetric spherical geometry by imposing (i) a factor of 10 viscosity contrast between the upper 100 km and the underlying mantle and (ii) a small variation of surface velocity within each plate such that plate mass is conserved and significant vertical mass flux at the base of the plates is therefore confined to the near vicinity of the plate boundaries. We find surface stresses generated by counterflow under our model continental margins is insufficient to actively rift a supercontinent in all but one case. Earth-like curvature appears to be a major factor in reducing surface stresses relative to those found previously in constant viscosity models in plane layer geometry. A simple internal loading model allows us to estimate this effect as a 20 per cent average reduction in stress generation. This suggests that continental rifting requires the pre-existence of localized zones of weakness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".