Taxonomic revision of the Holarctic diving beetle genus <i>Acilius</i> Leach (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. A full taxonomic revision is presented of the Holarctic diving beetle genus Acilius Leach (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) belonging to the subfamily Dytiscinae and tribe Aciliini. Acilius confusus sp.n. , previously confused with Acilius fraternus (Harris), is described from north‐eastern U.S.A. Acilius latiusculus LeConte and Acilius simplex LeConte are new synonyms of Acilius abbreviatus Aubé. Lectotypes are designated for the following names: A. abbreviatus , A. semisulcatus Aubé, A. fraternus , A. guerryi d'Olsoufieff, A. sinensis Peschet, A. duvergeri Gobert, A. brevis Aubé, A. fasciatus (De Geer), A. maccullochii (Kirby), A. tomentosus Motschulsky, A. sulcatus blancki Peyerimhoff, A. subimpressus Motschulsky and A. laevisulcatus Motschulsky. In total, six Palaearctic and seven Nearctic species are recognized, none of which is Holarctic in distribution. Each species is presented with a diagnosis, full description, habitat preferences, conservation assessments, distribution data and a comprehensive bibliography. Distribution data are presented with a map and a list of countries, or for Nearctic and eastern Palaearctic species, states or larger provinces. A key to all Acilius species is included and each is fully illustrated. The general biology and a taxonomic history of the genus are provided. Acilius abbreviatus and A. semisulcatus are found to hybridize in a narrow zone through middle British Columbia and south‐western Alberta, geographically comparable with a previously recognized hybrid zone of several other insect species pairs. More than 5000 specimens were examined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".