Pinocembrin reduces cardiac arrhythmia and infarct size in rats subjected to acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced by cardiac dysfunction. Pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxyflavanone) is a flavonoid found in propolis and in rhizomes of fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata) that is reported to have pharmacological properties including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The cardioprotective effects of pinocembrin in an I/R model were investigated in this study. Male Wistar rats (n = 20) were randomly divided into 2 groups to receive either pinocembrin (30 mg/kg body weight) or the vehicle intravenously. Thirty minutes later, the left anterior descending coronary artery of each rat was ligated for 30 min, and then reperfusion was allowed for 120 min. Cardiac function improved in the pinocembrin-treated group: the time to first ventricular fibrillation (VF) was significantly longer in the treated group (550 ± 54 s) than in the vehicle-only control group (330 ± 27 s) (p < 0.05). VF incidence and arrhythmia score were lower and infarcts were 49% smaller in the pinocembrin-treated group than in the control group (p < 0.05). In the pinocembrin-treated group, malondialdehyde levels and Bax/Bcl-2 ratios decreased, and the ratio of phosphorylated connexin 43 (phospho-Cx43) to total Cx43 increased in infarcted tissues compared with the non-infarcted area (p < 0.05). Pinocembrin exhibited cardioprotective effects during I/R, evidenced by improved cardiac function, fewer arrhythmias, and smaller infarcts in treated hearts than in controls. These benefits may be due to pinocembrin's antiapoptotic and anti-oxidative stress effects and its ability to increase the phosphorylation of Cx43 in ischemic myocardium.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".