Differing Relationship of Nocturnal Fluid Shifts to Sleep Apnea in Men and Women With Heart Failure
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In men with heart failure, nocturnal rostral fluid shift is associated with an overnight increase in the neck circumference (NC) and with severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Because the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea is lower in women than in men with heart failure, we hypothesized that less fluid would shift into the neck in association with less severe obstructive sleep apnea in women than in men with heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 35 men and 30 women with heart failure, we assessed overnight changes in NC (ΔNC) and leg fluid volume before and after polysomnography. The severity of obstructive sleep apnea was assessed by the apnea-hypopnea index. Although the changes in leg fluid volume did not differ significantly between men and women (-131 ± 90 versus -180 ± 132 mL, P=0.081), in women, ΔNC was smaller (P<0.001) than in men. Furthermore, although in men, changes in leg fluid volume correlated inversely with ΔNC (r=-0.755, P<0.001) and apnea-hypopnea index (r=-0.765, P<0.001), it did not in women. CONCLUSIONS: Despite no difference in overnight displacement of fluid from the legs compared with in men, in women, less of this fluid reached the neck, and unlike men, there was no relationship between changes in leg fluid volume and either ΔNC or apnea-hypopnea index. These findings suggest a differing relationship between overnight fluid shift from the legs and severity of obstructive sleep apnea in women than in men with heart failure.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it