Effect of dietary particle size and carbohydrase and/or phytase supplementation on nitrogen and phosphorus excretion of grower pigs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of dietary particle size and enzyme supplementation on N and P excretion were investigated in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with three particle sizes (400, 700, or 850 μm), two levels of a carbohydrase cocktail [0 or 444 added units (U) β-glucanase plus 1385 added U xylanase kg -1 diet], and two levels of phytase (0 or 374 added U phytase kg -1 diet), for a total of 12 dietary treatments. Diets (70% barley, 25% peas) were formulated to contain 3.25 Mcal digestible energy (DE) kg -1 , 1.6 g digestible lysine Mcal -1 DE, and 1.2 g kg -1 available P. Sixty pigs (25.3 ± 1.4 kg) had restricted access (3 × maintenance DE) to feed, and five individual pig observations for each of the 12 mash diets were obtained. Reducing particle size from 700 to 400 µm reduced total P excretion 12% and increased P digestibility and retention 15% (P < 0.05), while phytase reduced total P excretion 28% and increased P digestibility and retention 42% (P < 0.01). Reducing particle size from 850 and 700 to 400 µ m decreased total N excretion 4 and 7%, respectively (P < 0.05). Carbohydrase did not affect P digestibility or excretion (P > 0.10), but increased digestibility of N and energy (P < 0.05). Carbohydrase interacted with particle size for energy digestibility (P < 0.01) and with phytase for N and energy digestibility (P < 0.05). Particle size affected N excretion and energy digestibility more than enzyme supplementation, while phytase affected P excretion more than particle size, suggesting that particle size reduction and phytase supplementation are effective to reduce nutrient excretion of grower pigs. Key words: Particle size, carbohydrase, phytase, pig, nitrogen, phosphorus
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".