Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades many different drugs have been shown to be effective in the medical management of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The armamentarium of medications has evolved from 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA) and corticosteroid preparations to immunomodulators and, more recently, biologicals targeting specific components of the immune cascade. As new medications are introduced monotherapy is usually the rule as physicians become comfortable with the balance between efficacy and toxicity. Combining therapies may lead to increased efficacy and even reduce or limit toxicity. An increase in toxicity by combining therapies will remain a realistic concern. By combining different medications clinicians have become more sophisticated in the way the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are treated. This chapter will explore the advantages and disadvantages associated with combining steroids, azathioprine (AZA), 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), methotrexate (MTX), infliximab, 5-ASA preparations, and antibiotics in the treatment of CD and UC. Although steroids have been shown to be an effective agent in inducing remission in patients with moderate to severe CD and UC, long-term monotherapy with prednisone is undesirable due to short- and long-term toxicity. Immunomodulators (AZA, 6-MP, and MTX) are used as steroid-sparing agents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".