Long-term endothelin receptor blockade improves cardiovascular function in diabetes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To evaluate the potential contribution of endothelin-1 (ET-1) toward the cardiovascular complications of diabetes, the present study examined the effects of chronic ET receptor blockade with bosentan on heart function and vascular reactivity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, control bosentan-treated, diabetic, and diabetic bosentan-treated. After chronic bosentan treatment, cardiac function and vascular reactivity were assessed. Exvivo working heart function was determined in terms of rate of contraction (+dP/dt), rate of relaxation (-dP/dt), and left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP). Contractile responses to ET-1 were determined in isolated superior mesenteric arteries. In addition, ET-1-like immunoreactivity was determined in ventricular and vascular tissues by immunohistochemistry. Cardiac function was depressed in the untreated-diabetic group. Bosentan treatment improved working heart function; hearts from the diabetic bosentan-treated group exhibited improved LVDP and -dP/dt. The contractile responses of mesenteric arteries to ET-1 were exaggerated in the untreated-diabetic group. Long-term bosentan treatment normalized these responses. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed increased ET-1-like immunoreactivity in ventricular and vascular tissues from untreated diabetic rats. These data show the beneficial effects of ET(A/B) receptor blockade on cardiovascular function in STZ-diabetic rats. An altered ET-1 system may contribute toward the pathogenesis of cardiovascular dysfunction in diabetes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".