Analysis of clutter distribution in bistatic high frequency surface wave radar
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR), surface target detection is mainly limited by ocean clutter and ionospheric clutter. In order to investigate further the nature of both clutters and to develop potential strategies to enhance target detection, an experiment was conducted to operate a radar simultaneously in both monostatic (transmitter and receiver are co-located) and bistatic (transmitter and receiver are far from each other) modes. Experimental results from bistatic HFSWR are compared to those from monostatic HFSWR. It is shown that the ionospheric clutter has different distributions for the two modes. This difference may potentially be exploited to enhance the performance of the radar. A comparison between the predicted Bragg frequency and measured Bragg frequencies has been undertaken and it is shown that the Bragg frequency has a curvature along the range due to the side scattering experienced in bistatic operation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".