Bibliographic record
Abstract
The interaction of storm-water discharges with the flow in rivers and estuaries often involves cross-flowing jets or plumes. This paper reviews the theoretical, experimental, numerical, and field research on this topic. The geometry of the outfall, the jet velocity ratio, and the relative density of the discharging flow have been shown to affect the mixing and dilution of the discharge into the ambient water. Storm-water outfalls are typically circular or rectangular; however, there are numerous open channel outfalls that have trapezoidal or irregular cross sections with large width to depth ratios. The extensive research of pioneers such as N. Rajaratnam on jets and plumes has led to the development of software packages for outfall evaluations. The CORMIX model is an example of one of these packages. The research on which these models are based is discussed, and some guidelines are given for estimating the dilution at outfalls with high width to depth ratios.Key words: storm water, outfalls, jets, plumes, cross flow, modelling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".