Imaging Local Dielectric and Mechanical Responses with Dynamic Heterodyned Electrostatic Force Microscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A scanning probe microscopy based technique has been developed for mapping variations in the polarizability of materials. A number of experiments illustrating the potential of this technique are presented. These include the image of a grating sample with alternating regions of materials with different dielectric constants. Next, the technique is used to study mechanical resonances and dynamics in microelectromechanical (MEM) structures. Finally, a stroboscopic image of an operating 434 MHz surface acoustic wave device shows that the instrument can detect dipoles at frequencies four orders of magnitude of the resonance frequency of the sensing cantilever. In this experiment the dipoles imaged result from the mechanical action of the surface acoustic wave on the piezoelectric substrate. The technique may be employed to produce images that display the local polarizability of materials as a function of frequency and we expect this technique to be useable at frequencies into the millimeter wave region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".