Thymic stromal lymphopoietin promotes human eosinophil-basophil lineage commitment: a key role for tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Allergic diseases are characterized by tissue eosinophilic and basophilic inflammation. Both epithelial-derived thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and eosinophil/basophil (Eo/B) lineage-committed progenitor cells are upregulated and found at sites of allergic inflammation [ 1 – 3 ]. We have previously shown that TSLP mediates the differentiation of peripheral blood (PB) CD34 progenitor cells into eosinophils and basophils. However, the specific mechanisms through which TSLP promotes this lineage commitment are unclear. The aim of this study is to characterize the intracellular mechanisms by which TSLP mediates Eo/B differentiation. Purified PB CD34 progenitors were stimulated overnight with media, IL-3 (1ng/mL), TSLP (10ng/mL), or IL-3/TSLP and assessed for cytokine and chemokine secretion using Luminex assays. Alterations in Eo/B colony forming units (CFU) and surface expression of TSLPR post-stimulation with IL-3/TSLP (and/or neutralizing anti-TNFα Ab) were assessed by methylcellulose cultures and flow cytometry respectively. TSLP alone induced significant levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and CXCL8 from PB CD34 cells, compared to unstimulated controls (p<0.05). IL-3/TSLP-stimulated CD34 cells released significant levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-13, TNFα, CXCL8 and CCL2, but failed to secrete detectable levels of IL-4, IL-9, GM-CSF, IFNγ, and eotaxin. Blockade of TNFα in vitro in the differentiation assays inhibited both TSLPR expression (p<0.05) and IL-3-responsive Eo/B CFU formation (p<0.05). Overnight stimulation of PB CD34 cells with IL-3 (10ng/mL) and TNFα (50pg/mL) enhanced surface expression of TSLPR to comparable levels post TSLP/IL-3-stimulation. Moreover, pre-stimulating CD34 cells with IL-3/TNFα prior to culturing in methylcellulose cultures resulted in enhanced sensitivity to TSLP-mediated Eo/B colony formation at lower concentrations of TSLP. We have previously shown that stimulation of human PB CD34+ cells with TSLP promotes Eo/B differentiation through upregulation of IL-3Rα and TSLPR. Our current study demonstrates that TSLP can modulate Eo/B lineage commitment, by inducing PB CD34 cells to actively secrete chemokines and cytokines (key among which is TNFα), which, together with IL-3, induce the upregulation of TSLPR, leading to the subsequent amplification of Eo/B CFU. The novel role of TSLP-induced Eo/B differentiation points to the importance of the epithelium, and its responses to environmental stimuli, in the development of allergic diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".